Mangrove Whipray

Urogymnus granulatus 

Habitat & Distribution :  Shallows & mangroves of the Indo-West Pacific 

Diet : Clams, crustaceans, molluscs, fish 

Size: Up to 1,5 m 

Lifespan: Unknown (possibly 20 years)

Description

Its body is thick, with a dark gray upperside with white spots. Its tail is relatively short and white beyond the stinger. 

Behavior

Unlike other rays, it lives alone. It's typically nocturnal, hiding in the sand during the day and actively hunting at night. 

Reproduction

This species of ray reproduces via aplacental viviparity where embryos are initially nourished by yolk and later by uterine "milk" secreted by the mother. Females give live birth to a small litter of 2 to 6 young, often in sheltered, shallow mangrove estuaries. 

Communication & Perception

Mangrove whiprays are known to produce sound, specifically short, loud clicking noises, to communicate. These clicks, often described as a "tok-tok" sound, act as an agonistic, defensive warning signal to predators or observers when they feel threatened. 

Predator(s)

Large sharks