Javanese Cownose Ray

Rhinoptera javanica 

Habitat & Distribution : In bays and estuaries near coral reef, Indo-West Pacific ocean

Diet : Clams & crustaceans

Size : Up to 1,65 m

Lifespan : 16 - 21 years

Description

The Javanese cownose ray is characterized by its distinct, cow-like snout and robust, kite-shaped body. he dorsal surface is brown, golden-brown, or grey, while the ventral surface is white or yellowish-white. 

Behavior

They are unique among stingrays for spending significant time near the surface, rarely resting on the ocean floor, and for "leaping" out of the water to dislodge parasites or display reproductive readiness. Usually solitary, but are sometimes found in large schools of up to 500 individuals.

Reproduction

These rays reproduce via aplacental viviparity, with females giving birth to a single live pup after a gestation period of roughly 11–12 months. 

Communication & Perception

They are highly social animals that use a combination of physical behaviors and sensory mechanisms to communicate and interact within large school. 

Predator(s)

Hammerhead sharks, Bull Sharks 

Conservation Status : Endangered (IUCN Red List; 2021)