Dusky Parrotfish

Scarus niger 

Habitat & Distribution :  Reef-associated, in lagoons and outer reef slopes, depth range of 0 - 30 m, Indo-Pacific Ocean

Diet : Algae

Size : Up to 44,4 cm; 2 kg

Lifespan : 5 - 8 years

Description

Its appearance diiffers based on sex. Females are red in the head, belly and fins, while its body consists of a series of black and white waves, with green bands around its mouth and eyes. Males, on the other hand, are reddish brown in the head with a mostly green body.

Behavior

Often solitary and live in coral-rich areas. Juveniles tend to form small schools inshore.

This fish eats algae off of hard substrates at a relatively faster rate than other parrotfish, at about 98,9 bites for every 5 minutes. However, due to its smaller bite volume, it contributes little to coral bioerosion.

Reproduction

This fish is a protogynous hermaphrodite, meaning that they all start as females, and one dominant female can turn male in a group of only females. They are oviparous and form distinct pairing during breeding.

Communication & Perception

They use their body coloration as visual signals used when mating, feeding, showcasing agonistic behaviors (e.g. defending territory) or to camouflage.

Predator(s)

Moray eels, lemon sharks, etc.